Overview of 3D Printing Technologies Used for Water and wastewater Treatment:
With the advent of Industrial Revolution 4.0, there has been a paradigm shift in the manufacturing industry from conventional subtractive manufacturing toward advanced additive manufacturing, i.e., 3D printing. This technology involves fabricating the desired product computationally in CAD software, slicing it into 2D layers (G-code), feeding the proper raw materials into a 3D printer, and finally building the object from the virtual file layer-by-layer. Recently, different 3D printing technologies have been studied for developing customized membranes that provide scalable and high-efficiency solutions for water management.
Advantages: Moreover, 3D printing offers great flexibility in terms of design, a wide variety of material choices, minimal energy consumption, negligible material wastage, the least byproducts, and far less carbon footprint relative to subtractive processes, which have been employed for preparing novel membranes, module spacers, catalysts, and adsorbents for carrying out wastewater filtration and desalination, thus making it a lucrative strategy for water treatment. Lighter and easier to transport (reduced CO2 for transport) and different shapes and sizes with only program (CAD) changes, no new moulds. Materials such as HDPE with glass-fiber re-enforced are ideal as they will flex, but not break with things like tree roots and are also UV-resistant.
Raingardens:
Manholes and lids:
Tree-pits:
Landscaping:
Customized Connections: